The Baker Compact Dictionary of Biblical Studies by Tremper III Longman

Author:Tremper III Longman
Language: eng
Format: epub
Tags: Biblical Reference;Bible—Criticism | interpretation | etc.—Dictionaries;REL006670;REL006000
ISBN: 9781493412716
Publisher: Baker Publishing Group
Published: 2018-01-12T05:00:00+00:00

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Ibn Ezra, Abraham (ca. 1089–1167) Famous Jewish biblical scholar, poet, and philosopher of the Middle Ages. Ibn Ezra wrote prolifically on Hebrew grammar and wrote commentaries on almost every book in the Hebrew Bible. In contrast to many of his contemporaries, he focused on the plain or natural sense of the text rather than appealing to rabbinic allegorical or Cabalistic (mystical) interpretations. For this reason, he is often claimed as an advocate for the historical-grammatical method. Yet he also refused to harmonize difficult texts, tended at times toward rationalism, and may have doubted Mosaic authorship of the Pentateuch. For these reasons, he has also been identified by some as a pioneer in historical criticism. See also historical criticism; historical-grammatical interpretation.

Ignatius (ca. 35–108) Early Christian writer and bishop of Antioch. Tradition holds that he was a disciple of John the apostle. Ignatius wrote a series of letters to churches dealing with theological and ecclesiological issues on his way to face trial in Rome, where he was martyred around 108. These seven letters, six to churches and one to Polycarp, bishop of Smyrna, now make up part of the collection known as the Apostolic Fathers, the earliest postapostolic writings from the early church. See also apostolic fathers.

immigration model In the 1950s two German scholars, Albrecht Alt and his student Martin Noth, argued that archaeological research did not support the idea that Israel occupied Canaan by means of a violent conquest in the early Iron Age. They instead proposed that Israel was a result of a peaceful immigration into the area. This view fails to account for how Israel not only came into the land but also succeeded in deposing the Canaanites. Thus, while notable as the first alternative model of the conquest, other theories such as the revolution model and the internal transformation model are preferred by those who reject the biblical account of conquest or the minimalist denial that there is any historical reference behind the book of Joshua. See also Alt, Albrecht; immigration model; internal transformation model; minimalism; Noth, Martin.

implied author A category from the methodology of narrative criticism, which analyzes biblical narratives from the perspective of story. The implied author is the author as discernible from the narrative strategy of the text itself, apart from anything external to that text. This is distinct from the real (historical) author, to whom a modern reader has no direct access. It is also distinct from the narrator, who is the voice we hear telling the story. For example, a narrator may speak in the first person as a fictional character expressing racist views, as in Mark Twain’s novel Huckleberry Finn—views that differ from both those of the real author and those of the implied author. See also implied reader; narrative criticism.

implied reader A category from the methodology of narrative criticism, which analyzes biblical narratives from the perspective of story. The implied reader is the imaginary reader who responds appropriately to the narrative strategy of the text. This is distinct from a real reader, who may misunderstand the story or fail to respond as the author intended.

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